NCERT NEET Biology English Medium Part-1 | Chapter 21 : Human Reproduction

NCERT NEET Biology English Medium Part-1 | Chapter 21 : Human Reproduction

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Question 1: Which of the following structures helps in maintaining the low temperature of the testes necessary for spermatogenesis?

1. Epididymis.
2. Scrotum.
3. Vas deferens.
4. Seminal vesicle.

Answer: b.

Question 2: How many testicular lobules are approximately present in each human testis?

100. 50 to 100.
101. 150 to 200.
102. 250.
103. 350 to 400.

Answer: c.

Question 3: In the seminiferous tubules, which cells are responsible for providing nutrition to the developing male germ cells?

1. Leydig cells.
2. Spermatogonia.
3. Sertoli cells.
4. Interstitial cells.

Answer: c.

Question 4: Which of the following cells synthesise and secrete testicular hormones called androgens?

1. Sertoli cells.
2. Leydig cells.
3. Male germ cells.
4. Primary spermatocytes.

Answer: b.

Question 5: What is the correct sequence of the male sex accessory ducts starting from the seminiferous tubules?

1. Rete testis, Epididymis, Vasa efferentia, Vas deferens.
2. Rete testis, Vasa efferentia, Epididymis, Vas deferens.
3. Vasa efferentia, Rete testis, Epididymis, Vas deferens.
4. Epididymis, Rete testis, Vasa efferentia, Vas deferens.

Answer: b.

Question 6: The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens and a duct from the?

1. Prostate gland.
2. Bulbourethral gland.
3. Seminal vesicle.
4. Urethra.

Answer: c.

Question 7: The enlarged end of the penis is called the glans penis, which is covered by a loose fold of skin known as the?

1. Hymen.
2. Foreskin.
3. Endometrium.
4. Myometrium.

Answer: b.

Question 8: Which of the following is not a paired structure in the male reproductive system?

1. Seminal vesicle.
2. Bulbourethral gland.
3. Testis.
4. Prostate gland.

Answer: d.

Question 9: The seminal plasma is rich in which of the following components?

1. Glucose, calcium, and certain enzymes.
2. Fructose, calcium, and certain enzymes.
3. Galactose, sodium, and specific enzymes.
4. Fructose, iron, and specific proteins.

Answer: b.

Question 10: Which gland's secretion primarily helps in the lubrication of the penis during copulation?

1. Prostate gland.
2. Seminal vesicles.
3. Bulbourethral glands.
4. Bartholin's glands.

Answer: c.

Question 11: The primary female sex organs that produce the ovum and steroid hormones are the?

1. Fallopian tubes.
2. Uterus.
3. Ovaries.
4. Vagina.

Answer: c.

Question 12: The ovarian stroma is divided into two zones, which are the?

1. Peripheral medulla and inner cortex.
2. Peripheral cortex and inner medulla.
3. Outer epithelium and inner endothelium.
4. Outer myometrium and inner endometrium.

Answer: b.

Question 13: Which part of the fallopian tube possesses finger-like projections called fimbriae?

1. Isthmus.
2. Ampulla.
3. Infundibulum.
4. Cervix.

Answer: c.

Question 14: Fertilisation in humans typically takes place in which region of the female reproductive tract?

1. Uterus.
2. Infundibulum.
3. Cervical canal.
4. Ampulla.

Answer: d.

Question 15: The shape of the human uterus is best described as an?

1. Upright pyramid.
2. Inverted pear.
3. Oval pouch.
4. Elongated tube.

Answer: b.

Question 16: The birth canal is formed by the vaginal cavity along with the?

1. Uterine cavity.
2. Fallopian tube.
3. Cervical canal.
4. Infundibulum.

Answer: c.

Question 17: Which layer of the uterus exhibits strong contractions during the delivery of a baby?

1. Perimetrium.
2. Myometrium.
3. Endometrium.
4. Epithelium.

Answer: b.

Question 18: The cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle occur in which layer of the uterus?

1. Perimetrium.
2. Myometrium.
3. Endometrium.
4. Stroma.

Answer: c.

Question 19: Which of the following structures is a tiny finger-like projection lying at the upper junction of the two labia minora?

1. Mons pubis.
2. Hymen.
3. Clitoris.
4. Fimbriae.

Answer: c.

Question 20: The glandular tissue of each human breast is divided into how many mammary lobes?

10. 5 to 10.
11. 10 to 15.
12. 15 to 20.
13. 20 to 25.

Answer: c.

Question 21: The correct pathway for the flow of milk in the mammary gland is?

1. Alveoli, mammary tubules, mammary duct, mammary ampulla, lactiferous duct.
2. Alveoli, mammary duct, mammary tubules, mammary ampulla, lactiferous duct.
3. Mammary tubules, alveoli, mammary ampulla, mammary duct, lactiferous duct.
4. Alveoli, mammary tubules, mammary ampulla, mammary duct, lactiferous duct.

Answer: a.

Question 22: Each primary spermatocyte undergoes the first meiotic division to form two equal, haploid cells called?

1. Spermatogonia.
2. Secondary spermatocytes.
3. Spermatids.
4. Spermatozoa.

Answer: b.

Question 23: The process by which spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa is known as?

1. Spermiation.
2. Spermatogenesis.
3. Spermiogenesis.
4. Oogenesis.

Answer: c.

Question 24: The release of sperms from the seminiferous tubules is called?

1. Ejaculation.
2. Spermiogenesis.
3. Spermiation.
4. Insemination.

Answer: c.

Question 25: Spermatogenesis is initiated at puberty due to the significant increase in the secretion of?

1. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH).
2. Luteinising Hormone (LH).
3. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH).
4. Testosterone.

Answer: c.

Question 26: In males, Luteinising Hormone (LH) acts on which cells to stimulate the synthesis and secretion of androgens?

1. Sertoli cells.
2. Leydig cells.
3. Spermatogonia.
4. Epididymal cells.

Answer: b.

Question 27: The anterior portion of the sperm head is covered by a cap-like structure called the?

1. Pronucleus.
2. Acrosome.
3. Middle piece.
4. Centriole.

Answer: b.

Question 28: Which part of the human sperm contains numerous mitochondria that produce energy for tail movement?

1. Head.
2. Neck.
3. Middle piece.
4. Acrosome.

Answer: c.

Question 29: For normal male fertility, what percentage of ejaculated sperms must show vigorous motility?

1. At least 60 percent.
2. At least 40 percent.
3. At least 50 percent.
4. At least 80 percent.

Answer: b.

Question 30: When is oogenesis initiated in human females?

1. At puberty.
2. During embryonic development.
3. At birth.
4. During the first menstrual cycle.

Answer: b.

Question 31: Primary oocytes are temporarily arrested at which stage of cell division?

1. Metaphase I.
2. Prophase I.
3. Prophase II.
4. Metaphase II.

Answer: b.

Question 32: Approximately how many primary follicles are left in each ovary at the time of puberty?

1. 10,000 to 20,000.
2. 60,000 to 80,000.
3. 100,000 to 120,000.
4. 2 to 3 million.

Answer: b.

Question 33: The fluid-filled cavity characteristic of a tertiary follicle is called the?

1. Antrum.
2. Zona pellucida.
3. Theca interna.
4. Stroma.

Answer: a.

Question 34: The first meiotic division of the primary oocyte within the tertiary follicle results in the formation of?

1. Two equal secondary oocytes.
2. A secondary oocyte and a second polar body.
3. A secondary oocyte and a first polar body.
4. An ovum and a primary polar body.

Answer: c.

Question 35: The mature ovarian follicle is also known as the?

1. Primary follicle.
2. Graafian follicle.
3. Secondary follicle.
4. Atretic follicle.

Answer: b.

Question 36: The secondary oocyte forms a new non-cellular membrane around itself called the?

1. Corona radiata.
2. Theca externa.
3. Zona pellucida.
4. Theca interna.

Answer: c.

Question 37: The process of release of the ovum from the Graafian follicle is called?

1. Ovulation.
2. Menstruation.
3. Fertilisation.
4. Implantation.

Answer: a.

Question 38: In human females, the menstrual cycle occurs on average every?

1. 20 to 22 days.
2. 28 to 29 days.
3. 30 to 35 days.
4. 14 to 15 days.

Answer: b.

Question 39: The first menstruation that begins at puberty is termed?

1. Menopause.
2. Menarche.
3. Amenorrhea.
4. Dysmenorrhea.

Answer: b.

Question 40: Lack of menstruation may be indicative of?

1. Pregnancy.
2. High estrogen levels.
3. Excessive nutrition.
4. Low progesterone during the luteal phase.

Answer: a.

Question 41: During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, the regeneration of the endometrium is primarily stimulated by?

1. Progesterone.
2. Luteinising Hormone (LH).
3. Estrogens.
4. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH).

Answer: c.

Question 42: The rapid secretion of LH leading to its maximum level during the mid-cycle is called?

1. LH surge.
2. FSH surge.
3. Luteal phase.
4. Menarche.

Answer: a.

Question 43: After ovulation, the remaining parts of the Graafian follicle transform into the?

1. Corpus albicans.
2. Corpus luteum.
3. Secondary follicle.
4. Theca interna.

Answer: b.

Question 44: Which hormone is secreted in large amounts by the corpus luteum to maintain the endometrium?

1. Estrogen.
2. Progesterone.
3. Luteinising Hormone.
4. Follicle Stimulating Hormone.

Answer: b.

Question 45: In the absence of fertilisation, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to the disintegration of the?

1. Myometrium.
2. Perimetrium.
3. Endometrium.
4. Epimetrium.

Answer: c.

Question 46: The cessation of menstrual cycles at around 50 years of age is termed?

1. Menarche.
2. Menopause.
3. Diapause.
4. Atresia.

Answer: b.

Question 47: During copulation, semen is released by the penis into the vagina, a process known as?

1. Parturition.
2. Insemination.
3. Fertilisation.
4. Implantation.

Answer: b.

Question 48: The process of fusion of a sperm with an ovum is called?

1. Cleavage.
2. Implantation.
3. Fertilisation.
4. Gestation.

Answer: c.

Question 49: When a sperm comes in contact with the zona pellucida, it induces changes in the membrane that block the entry of?

1. The sperm nucleus.
2. Additional sperms.
3. Calcium ions.
4. Acrosomal enzymes.

Answer: b.

Question 50: The completion of the second meiotic division in the secondary oocyte is triggered by the?

1. Release of the ovum from the ovary.
2. Entry of the sperm into the cytoplasm of the ovum.
3. High levels of progesterone in the blood.
4. Implantation of the blastocyst.

Answer: b.

Question 51: The second meiotic division of the secondary oocyte results in the formation of?

1. A haploid ovum (ootid) and a second polar body.
2. Two equal haploid ova.
3. A diploid zygote and a polar body.
4. A primary oocyte and a polar body.

Answer: a.

Question 52: The sex of the human baby is determined by the?

1. Mother's genetic makeup.
2. Type of sperm (X or Y) that fertilises the ovum.
3. Nutritional status of the mother.
4. Environmental conditions during fertilisation.

Answer: b.

Question 53: The rapid mitotic divisions of the zygote as it moves through the isthmus are called?

1. Gastrulation.
2. Organogenesis.
3. Cleavage.
4. Differentiation.

Answer: c.

Question 54: An embryo with 8 to 16 blastomeres is called a?

1. Blastula.
2. Gastrula.
3. Trophoblast.
4. Morula.

Answer: d.

Question 55: The outer layer of cells in the blastocyst is known as the?

1. Inner cell mass.
2. Trophoblast.
3. Ectoderm.
4. Endoderm.

Answer: b.

Question 56: The inner group of cells attached to the trophoblast in a blastocyst is called the?

1. Morula.
2. Chorionic villi.
3. Inner cell mass.
4. Placenta.

Answer: c.

Question 57: The attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine wall is termed?

1. Fertilisation.
2. Insemination.
3. Implantation.
4. Placentation.

Answer: c.

Question 58: After implantation, finger-like projections appearing on the trophoblast are called?

1. Fimbriae.
2. Chorionic villi.
3. Villi.
4. Endometrial folds.

Answer: b.

Question 59: The structural and functional unit between the developing embryo and the maternal body is the?

1. Umbilical cord.
2. Placenta.
3. Amniotic sac.
4. Yolk sac.

Answer: b.

Question 60: Which structure connects the placenta to the embryo and helps in the transport of substances?

1. Fallopian tube.
2. Cervical canal.
3. Umbilical cord.
4. Chorionic villus.

Answer: c.

Question 61: The placenta acts as an endocrine tissue and produces several hormones except?

1. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
2. Human placental lactogen (hPL).
3. Luteinising Hormone (LH).
4. Estrogens.

Answer: c.

Question 62: Which of the following hormones is secreted by the ovary only in the later phase of pregnancy?

1. Estrogen.
2. Progesterone.
3. Relaxin.
4. Prolactin.

Answer: c.

Question 63: Which of these hormones are produced in women only during pregnancy?

1. Estrogen, progesterone, and relaxin.
2. hCG, hPL, and relaxin.
3. Prolactin, hCG, and thyroxine.
4. FSH, LH, and hPL.

Answer: b.

Question 64: Immediately after implantation, the inner cell mass differentiates into an outer layer called the?

1. Endoderm.
2. Mesoderm.
3. Ectoderm.
4. Trophoblast.

Answer: c.

Question 65: Certain cells in the inner cell mass that have the potency to give rise to all tissues and organs are called?

1. Sertoli cells.
2. Leydig cells.
3. Stem cells.
4. Germ cells.

Answer: c.

Question 66: In humans, after one month of pregnancy, what is the major developmental milestone observed in the embryo?

1. Development of limbs.
2. Formation of the heart.
3. Appearance of hair on the head.
4. Separation of eye-lids.

Answer: b.

Question 67: By the end of the second month of pregnancy, the human foetus develops?

1. The heart and lungs.
2. Limbs and digits.
3. External genital organs.
4. Fine hair all over the body.

Answer: b.

Question 68: By the end of the first trimester (12 weeks) of pregnancy, which of the following is well-developed?

1. Lungs for breathing air.
2. External genital organs.
3. Separation of eye-lids.
4. Eyelashes.

Answer: b.

Question 69: The first movements of the foetus and appearance of hair on the head are usually observed during the?

1. Third month.
2. Fourth month.
3. Fifth month.
4. Sixth month.

Answer: c.

Question 70: By the end of the second trimester (24 weeks), the foetus exhibits all the following features except?

1. Body is covered with fine hair.
2. Eye-lids separate.
3. Eyelashes are formed.
4. Heart is just formed.

Answer: d.

Question 71: The average duration of human pregnancy is called the?

1. Parturition period.
2. Gestation period.
3. Incubation period.
4. Lactation period.

Answer: b.

Question 72: The process of delivery of the foetus at the end of pregnancy is known as?

1. Lactation.
2. Gestation.
3. Parturition.
4. Implantation.

Answer: c.

Question 73: The signals for parturition originate from the fully developed foetus and the placenta, which induce mild uterine contractions called?

1. Foetal ejection reflex.
2. Maternal reflex.
3. Placental reflex.
4. Oxytocin reflex.

Answer: a.

Question 74: The foetal ejection reflex triggers the release of which hormone from the maternal pituitary gland?

1. Prolactin.
2. Progesterone.
3. Relaxin.
4. Oxytocin.

Answer: d.

Question 75: Oxytocin acts on the uterine muscle and causes?

1. Relaxation of the myometrium.
2. Stronger uterine contractions.
3. Degeneration of the endometrium.
4. Closure of the cervix.

Answer: b.

Question 76: The milk produced during the initial few days of lactation is called?

1. Seminal plasma.
2. Colostrum.
3. Prolactin.
4. Amniotic fluid.

Answer: b.

Question 77: Colostrum is highly recommended by doctors for the newborn baby because it is rich in?

1. Iron and calcium.
2. Antibodies.
3. Carbohydrates only.
4. Red blood cells.

Answer: b.

Question 78: During spermatogenesis, a diploid spermatogonium contains how many chromosomes?

23. 23.
24. 46.
25. 44.
26. 22.

Answer: b.

Question 79: The presence or absence of which of the following structures is not a reliable indicator of virginity in human females?

1. Vagina.
2. Labia majora.
3. Hymen.
4. Clitoris.

Answer: c.

Question 80: What is the main function of the enzymes present in the acrosome of the sperm?

1. To provide energy for motility.
2. To help in the fertilisation of the ovum.
3. To neutralise the acidity of the female reproductive tract.
4. To digest the vaginal mucus.

Answer: b.

Question 81: Secretions of which of the following are essential for the maturation and motility of sperms?

1. Epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and prostate.
2. Urethra, glans penis, and foreskin.
3. Leydig cells and Sertoli cells only.
4. Bulbourethral glands and testis only.

Answer: a.

Question 82: Which of the following phases of the menstrual cycle is also known as the secretory phase?

1. Menstrual phase.
2. Follicular phase.
3. Luteal phase.
4. Proliferative phase.

Answer: c.

Question 83: During which phase of the menstrual cycle do the primary follicles in the ovary grow to become a fully mature Graafian follicle?

1. Menstrual phase.
2. Follicular phase.
3. Luteal phase.
4. Secretory phase.

Answer: b.

Question 84: What causes the rupture of the Graafian follicle leading to ovulation?

1. A sudden drop in estrogen.
2. The rapid surge of Luteinising Hormone (LH).
3. The continuous secretion of progesterone.
4. A decrease in Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH).

Answer: b.

Question 85: The umbilical cord develops from which part of the developing embryo system?

1. Trophoblast and inner cell mass interactions.
2. Endometrial lining of the uterus.
3. Chorionic villi connected to the foetus.
4. Amniotic cavity fluid.

Answer: c.

Question 86: The haploid male and female gametes fuse to form a structure that is?

1. Haploid.
2. Diploid.
3. Triploid.
4. Polyploid.

Answer: b.

Question 87: The primary oocyte in the tertiary follicle grows in size and completes its first meiotic division. This division is?

1. Equal, resulting in two secondary oocytes.
2. Unequal, resulting in a large secondary oocyte and a tiny first polar body.
3. Equal, resulting in an ovum and a polar body.
4. Unequal, resulting in a primary polar body and a zygote.

Answer: b.

Question 88: In the human male reproductive system, which network of tubules connects the seminiferous tubules to the vasa efferentia?

1. Epididymis.
2. Rete testis.
3. Ejaculatory duct.
4. Urethral meatus.

Answer: b.

Question 89: Which ligament is primarily responsible for connecting the ovary to the pelvic wall and uterus?

1. Broad ligament.
2. Ovarian ligament.
3. Fallopian ligament.
4. Suspensory ligament.

Answer: b.

Question 90: Which layer covers the testis densely?

1. Tunica albuginea.
2. Epididymal sac.
3. Scrotal skin.
4. Rete testicular membrane.

Answer: a.

Question 91: During the embryonic development stage, what happens to the oogonia cells in the fetal ovary?

1. They continually divide via mitosis throughout life.
2. They stop dividing and enter prophase-I of meiosis to form primary oocytes.
3. They directly differentiate into Graafian follicles.
4. They undergo immediate meiotic division to form ova.

Answer: b.

Question 92: The fleshy folds of tissue that extend down from the mons pubis and surround the vaginal opening are the?

1. Labia minora.
2. Labia majora.
3. Clitoris.
4. Hymen.

Answer: b.

Question 93: What happens to the majority of primary follicles from birth to puberty in a human female?

1. They undergo rapid maturation into tertiary follicles.
2. They transform directly into secondary oocytes.
3. They degenerate in a process called follicular atresia.
4. They remain fully preserved until menopause.

Answer: c.

Question 94: During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium becomes secretory to prepare for?

1. Menstruation.
2. Ovulation.
3. Implantation of the fertilised ovum.
4. Follicular development.

Answer: c.

Question 95: At what temperature does the scrotum maintain the testes relative to normal internal body temperature?

1. 1–1.5°C higher.
2. 2–2.5°C lower.
3. Exactly equal to body temperature.
4. 4–5°C lower.

Answer: b.

Question 96: During oogenesis, the first meiotic division is completed?

1. Within the primary follicle before birth.
2. Within the tertiary follicle just prior to ovulation.
3. After the entry of sperm into the ovum.
4. During the formation of oogonia in fetal life.

Answer: b.

Question 97: Which part of the oviduct has a narrow lumen and joins directly with the uterus?

1. Infundibulum.
2. Ampulla.
3. Isthmus.
4. Fimbriae.

Answer: c.

Question 98: Which structure in the male provides alkalinity to the ejaculate to neutralise urine acidity in the urethra?

1. Testicular lobule.
2. Bulbourethral gland.
3. Prostate gland.
4. Rete testis.

Answer: c.

Question 99: The transformation of non-motile spermatids into mature, motile spermatozoa involves significant morphological changes. What is this overall process specifically called?

1. Spermatocytogenesis.
2. Spermatogenesis.
3. Spermiogenesis.
4. Spermiation.

Answer: c.

Question 100: Which of the following combinations of hormones significantly increases in the maternal blood during pregnancy to support fetal growth and metabolic changes?

1. Estrogens, progestogens, cortisol, prolactin, thyroxine.
2. hCG, FSH, LH, testosterone.
3. Aldosterone, GnRH, LH, oxytocin.
4. Insulin, glucagon, adrenaline, thyroxine.

Answer: a.

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