NCERT NEET Biology English Medium Part-1 | Chapter 8 : Cell The Unit of Life.

NCERT NEET Biology English Medium Part-1 | Chapter 8 : Cell The Unit of Life.

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Question 1. Who among the following first saw and described a live cell?

1. a) Robert Hooke.
2. b) Anton Von Leeuwenhoek.
3. c) Matthias Schleiden.
4. d) Theodore Schwann.

Answer: b.

Question 2. Which scientist concluded, based on his studies on plant tissues, that the presence of a cell wall is a unique character of the plant cells?

1. a) Matthias Schleiden.
2. b) Theodore Schwann.
3. c) Rudolf Virchow.
4. d) Robert Brown.

Answer: b.

Question 3. The concept of "Omnis cellula-e cellula" regarding cell division was first proposed by?

1. a) Rudolf Virchow.
2. b) Theodore Schwann.
3. c) Camillo Golgi.
4. d) George Palade.

Answer: a.

Question 4. Which of the following is not true about a prokaryotic cell?

1. a) They are generally smaller and multiply more rapidly than eukaryotic cells.
2. b) They lack a well-defined nucleus.
3. c) Genomic DNA is enveloped by a nuclear membrane.
4. d) They possess plasmids in addition to genomic DNA.

Answer: c.

Question 5. The basic shape of a Bacillus bacterium is?

1. a) Spherical.
2. b) Comma-shaped.
3. c) Rod-like.
4. d) Spiral.

Answer: c.

Question 6. What is the typical size of a PPLO (Pleuropneumonia Like Organisms)?

1. a) 0.02 µm.
2. b) 0.1 µm.
3. c) 1.0 to 2.0 µm.
4. d) 10 to 20 µm.

Answer: b.

Question 7. The specialised differentiated form of cell membrane found in prokaryotes that helps in respiration and secretion is called?

1. a) Chromatophore.
2. b) Mesosome.
3. c) Plasmid.
4. d) Nucleoid.

Answer: b.

Question 8. In a bacterial cell envelope, the outermost layer is known as?

1. a) Cell wall.
2. b) Plasma membrane.
3. c) Glycocalyx.
4. d) Peptidoglycan layer.

Answer: c.

Question 9. If the glycocalyx of a bacterium is a thick and tough layer, it is specifically called?

1. a) Slime layer.
2. b) Capsule.
3. c) Mesosome.
4. d) Inclusion body.

Answer: b.

Question 10. Bacterial flagella are composed of three parts. Which of the following is the longest portion?

1. a) Hook.
2. b) Basal body.
3. c) Filament.
4. d) Pilus.

Answer: c.

Question 11. Which surface structures of bacteria play a role in mating or conjugation but not in motility?

1. a) Flagella and Fimbriae.
2. b) Pili and Fimbriae.
3. c) Cilia and Flagella.
4. d) Mesosomes and Chromatophores.

Answer: b.

Question 12. Prokaryotic ribosomes are of 70S type. What are their two subunits?

1. a) 50S and 30S.
2. b) 60S and 40S.
3. c) 40S and 30S.
4. d) 50S and 20S.

Answer: a.

Question 13. Several ribosomes may attach to a single mRNA to form a chain called?

1. a) Dictyosome.
2. b) Polysome.
3. c) Centrosome.
4. d) Nucleosome.

Answer: b.

Question 14. Gas vacuoles, which are a type of inclusion body, are found in?

1. a) Blue-green, purple, and green photosynthetic bacteria.
2. b) All heterotrophic bacteria.
3. c) Mycoplasma.
4. d) Fungi and Protists.

Answer: a.

Question 15. The detailed structure of the cell membrane was studied only after the advent of the electron microscope in the year?

1. a) 1930s.
2. b) 1950s.
3. c) 1970s.
4. d) 1990s.

Answer: b.

Question 16. In the human erythrocyte, the cell membrane consists of approximately?

1. a) 40 percent protein and 52 percent lipid.
2. b) 52 percent protein and 40 percent lipid.
3. c) 60 percent protein and 30 percent lipid.
4. d) 30 percent protein and 60 percent lipid.

Answer: b.

Question 17. According to the fluid mosaic model, the quasi-fluid nature of lipids enables lateral movement of proteins within the overall bilayer. This ability to move is measured as its?

1. a) Elasticity.
2. b) Permeability.
3. c) Fluidity.
4. d) Rigidity.

Answer: c.

Question 18. Neutral solutes typically move across the cell membrane by the process of?

1. a) Active transport.
2. b) Simple diffusion.
3. c) Facilitated diffusion.
4. d) Exocytosis.

Answer: b.

Question 19. The sodium-potassium pump is an example of?

1. a) Passive transport.
2. b) Osmosis.
3. c) Active transport.
4. d) Facilitated diffusion.

Answer: c.

Question 20. The cell wall of algae is made up of?

1. a) Cellulose, galactans, mannans, and calcium carbonate.
2. b) Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, and proteins.
3. c) Chitin, galactans, and lipids.
4. d) Peptidoglycan and teichoic acid.

Answer: a.

Question 21. Which layer primarily holds or glues the different neighbouring plant cells together?

1. a) Primary cell wall.
2. b) Secondary cell wall.
3. c) Middle lamella.
4. d) Plasmodesmata.

Answer: c.

Question 22. The middle lamella is mainly composed of?

1. a) Magnesium pectate.
2. b) Calcium pectate.
3. c) Sodium chloride.
4. d) Cellulose microfibrils.

Answer: b.

Question 23. Which of the following is NOT considered a part of the endomembrane system?

1. a) Endoplasmic reticulum.
2. b) Golgi complex.
3. c) Mitochondria.
4. d) Lysosomes.

Answer: c.

Question 24. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is primarily involved in?

1. a) Lipid synthesis.
2. b) Protein synthesis and secretion.
3. c) Glycogen metabolism.
4. d) Steroid hormone synthesis.

Answer: b.

Question 25. In animal cells, lipid-like steroidal hormones are synthesised in the?

1. a) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
2. b) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum.
3. c) Golgi apparatus.
4. d) Mitochondria.

Answer: b.

Question 26. Camillo Golgi first observed densely stained reticular structures near the nucleus in the year?

1838. a) 1838.
1839. b) 1855.
1840. c) 1898.
1841. d) 1953.

Answer: c.

Question 27. The convex face of the Golgi cisternae is also known as the?

1. a) Maturing face.
2. b) Trans face.
3. c) Cis or forming face.
4. d) Secretory face.

Answer: c.

Question 28. Which cell organelle is the major site for the formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids?

1. a) Endoplasmic reticulum.
2. b) Lysosome.
3. c) Golgi apparatus.
4. d) Peroxisome.

Answer: c.

Question 29. Lysosomes are rich in hydrolytic enzymes optimally active at?

1. a) Basic pH.
2. b) Neutral pH.
3. c) Acidic pH.
4. d) Variable pH depending on the cell cycle.

Answer: c.

Question 30. In plant cells, the vacuole can occupy up to what percentage of the volume of the cell?

1. a) 50 percent.
2. b) 70 percent.
3. c) 90 percent.
4. d) 99 percent.

Answer: c.

Question 31. The membrane bounding the vacuole in a plant cell is called the?

1. a) Plasma membrane.
2. b) Tonoplast.
3. c) Mesosome.
4. d) Elaioplast.

Answer: b.

Question 32. Which organelle in Amoeba is important for osmoregulation and excretion?

1. a) Food vacuole.
2. b) Contractile vacuole.
3. c) Lysosome.
4. d) Golgi body.

Answer: b.

Question 33. Which of the following organelles is typically sausage-shaped or cylindrical having a diameter of 0.2-1.0 µm?

1. a) Chloroplast.
2. b) Mitochondrion.
3. c) Centriole.
4. d) Lysosome.

Answer: b.

Question 34. The inner membrane of mitochondria forms a number of infoldings called?

1. a) Cisternae.
2. b) Cristae.
3. c) Thylakoids.
4. d) Grana.

Answer: b.

Question 35. Which of the following organelles divide by fission and contain a single circular DNA molecule?

1. a) Golgi apparatus.
2. b) Endoplasmic reticulum.
3. c) Mitochondria.
4. d) Peroxisomes.

Answer: c.

Question 36. Plastids that store carbohydrates (starch), like in potatoes, are known as?

1. a) Elaioplasts.
2. b) Aleuroplasts.
3. c) Amyloplasts.
4. d) Chromoplasts.

Answer: c.

Question 37. Fat and oils are stored in which type of plastid?

1. a) Amyloplast.
2. b) Elaioplast.
3. c) Aleuroplast.
4. d) Chloroplast.

Answer: b.

Question 38. The flat membranous tubules connecting the thylakoids of the different grana in a chloroplast are called?

1. a) Cristae.
2. b) Stroma lamellae.
3. c) Cisternae.
4. d) Plasmodesmata.

Answer: b.

Question 39. The ribosomes of chloroplasts are?

1. a) Larger than cytoplasmic ribosomes (80S).
2. b) Smaller than cytoplasmic ribosomes (70S).
3. c) Exactly the same as cytoplasmic ribosomes (80S).
4. d) Devoid of RNA.

Answer: b.

Question 40. Ribosomes were first observed under the electron microscope as dense particles by George Palade in the year?

1931. a) 1931.
1932. b) 1953.
1933. c) 1972.
1934. d) 1981.

Answer: b.

Question 41. In the 80S ribosome, what does 'S' stand for?

1. a) Synthesis unit.
2. b) Svedberg's Unit.
3. c) Structural unit.
4. d) Standard coefficient.

Answer: b.

Question 42. Svedberg's unit is primarily an indirect measure of?

1. a) Density and size.
2. b) Volume and mass.
3. c) Mass and surface area.
4. d) Charge and density.

Answer: a.

Question 43. An elaborate network of filamentous proteinaceous structures present in the cytoplasm is collectively referred to as the?

1. a) Endomembrane system.
2. b) Cytoskeleton.
3. c) Plasmodesmata.
4. d) Glycocalyx.

Answer: b.

Question 44. The core of a cilium or flagellum is called the?

1. a) Axoneme.
2. b) Basal body.
3. c) Centrosome.
4. d) Radial spoke.

Answer: a.

Question 45. The arrangement of axonemal microtubules in eukaryotic cilia and flagella is referred to as?

1. a) 9 + 0 array.
2. b) 9 + 2 array.
3. c) 8 + 2 array.
4. d) 6 + 3 array.

Answer: b.

Question 46. Both the cilium and flagellum emerge from a centriole-like structure called the?

1. a) Kinetochore.
2. b) Centromere.
3. c) Basal body.
4. d) Axoneme.

Answer: c.

Question 47. Centrosome is an organelle usually containing two cylindrical structures called?

1. a) Cilia.
2. b) Centrioles.
3. c) Chromosomes.
4. d) Cristae.

Answer: b.

Question 48. The peripheral fibrils of a centriole are arranged as?

1. a) Doublets.
2. b) Triplets.
3. c) Singlets.
4. d) Tetrads.

Answer: b.

Question 49. The central part of the proximal region of the centriole is proteinaceous and called the?

1. a) Axoneme.
2. b) Hub.
3. c) Radial spoke.
4. d) Microtubule organizing center.

Answer: b.

Question 50. Material of the nucleus stained by the basic dyes was given the name chromatin by?

1. a) Robert Brown.
2. b) Walther Flemming.
3. c) Anton Von Leeuwenhoek.
4. d) Rudolf Virchow.

Answer: b.

Question 51. The space between the two parallel membranes of the nuclear envelope is called the?

1. a) Perinuclear space.
2. b) Intermembrane space.
3. c) Nucleoplasm.
4. d) Cytosol.

Answer: a.

Question 52. The outer membrane of the nuclear envelope usually remains continuous with the?

1. a) Golgi apparatus.
2. b) Endoplasmic reticulum.
3. c) Mitochondria.
4. d) Plasma membrane.

Answer: b.

Question 53. Movement of RNA and protein molecules takes place in both directions between the nucleus and the cytoplasm through the?

1. a) Nuclear matrix.
2. b) Nucleolus.
3. c) Nuclear pores.
4. d) Plasmodesmata.

Answer: c.

Question 54. Which of the following cells typically lacks a nucleus at maturity?

1. a) Companion cells of vascular plants.
2. b) Sieve tube cells of vascular plants.
3. c) White blood cells.
4. d) Muscle cells.

Answer: b.

Question 55. The site for active ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis is the?

1. a) Nucleoplasm.
2. b) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
3. c) Nucleolus.
4. d) Centromere.

Answer: c.

Question 56. During different stages of cell division, cells show structured objects in place of the nucleus called?

1. a) Chromatin.
2. b) Chromosomes.
3. c) Nucleoli.
4. d) Centrosomes.

Answer: b.

Question 57. The primary constriction present on every chromosome is known as the?

1. a) Telomere.
2. b) Centromere.
3. c) Kinetochore.
4. d) Secondary constriction.

Answer: b.

Question 58. Disc-shaped structures situated on the sides of the centromere are called?

1. a) Centrioles.
2. b) Chromatids.
3. c) Kinetochores.
4. d) Satellites.

Answer: c.

Question 59. A chromosome with a centromere situated close to its end forming one extremely short and one very long arm is called?

1. a) Metacentric.
2. b) Sub-metacentric.
3. c) Acrocentric.
4. d) Telocentric.

Answer: c.

Question 60. The chromosome in which the centromere is exactly at the middle forming two equal arms is called?

1. a) Metacentric.
2. b) Sub-metacentric.
3. c) Acrocentric.
4. d) Telocentric.

Answer: a.

Question 61. A telocentric chromosome has its centromere located?

1. a) In the middle.
2. b) Slightly away from the middle.
3. c) Close to its end.
4. d) At the terminal end.

Answer: d.

Question 62. The non-staining secondary constrictions on chromosomes at a constant location give the appearance of a small fragment called the?

1. a) Satellite.
2. b) Kinetochore.
3. c) Centrosome.
4. d) Nucleolus organizer region.

Answer: a.

Question 63. Microbodies are membrane-bound minute vesicles that contain?

1. a) DNA and RNA.
2. b) Various enzymes.
3. c) Hormones.
4. d) Excretory waste.

Answer: b.

Question 64. According to the NCERT syllabus, a single human cell has approximately how much long thread of DNA distributed among its 46 chromosomes?

1. a) 1 meter.
2. b) 2 meters.
3. c) 3 meters.
4. d) 4 meters.

Answer: b.

Question 65. Which of the following represents the correct sequence of layers in a typical bacterial cell envelope from outside to inside?

1. a) Cell wall, Glycocalyx, Plasma membrane.
2. b) Plasma membrane, Cell wall, Glycocalyx.
3. c) Glycocalyx, Cell wall, Plasma membrane.
4. d) Glycocalyx, Plasma membrane, Cell wall.

Answer: c.

Question 66. The bacterial flagellar filament is mainly composed of the protein?

1. a) Tubulin.
2. b) Flagellin.
3. c) Actin.
4. d) Myosin.

Answer: b.

Question 67. The phenomenon of active transport across the cell membrane requires?

1. a) ATP energy.
2. b) Only a concentration gradient.
3. c) Transport vesicles exclusively.
4. d) Aquaporins.

Answer: a.

Question 68. The fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson in which year?

1935. a) 1935.
1936. b) 1953.
1937. c) 1972.
1938. d) 1981.

Answer: c.

Question 69. Statement 1: Ribosomes are non-membrane bound organelles found only in eukaryotic cells. Statement 2: Centrioles are non-membrane bound organelles that help in cell division. Which of the following is correct?

1. a) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct.
2. b) Statement 1 is incorrect but Statement 2 is correct.
3. c) Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect.
4. d) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are incorrect.

Answer: b.

Question 70. Mycoplasmas are distinct from other bacteria because they?

1. a) Lack a cell wall.
2. b) Have a very thick cell wall.
3. c) Cannot survive without oxygen.
4. d) Do not possess genetic material.

Answer: a.

Question 71. The largest isolated single cell is the egg of an?

1. a) Emu.
2. b) Ostrich.
3. c) Elephant.
4. d) Eagle.

Answer: b.

Question 72. Which cell organelle is frequently referred to as the 'suicidal bag' of the cell?

1. a) Golgi apparatus.
2. b) Lysosome.
3. c) Vacuole.
4. d) Peroxisome.

Answer: b.

Question 73. Which of the following combinations correctly describes the composition of a typical plant cell wall?

1. a) Peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, lipids.
2. b) Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, proteins.
3. c) Chitin, galactans, mannans.
4. d) Phospholipids, sterols, sphingolipids.

Answer: b.

Question 74. The Golgi apparatus remains in close association with the endoplasmic reticulum because?

1. a) They share the same lumen.
2. b) Materials synthesised by the ER migrate to the Golgi for packaging.
3. c) Golgi provides energy to the ER.
4. d) Both lack membranes.

Answer: b.

Question 75. The tonoplast facilitates the transport of a number of ions and other materials against concentration gradients into the?

1. a) Cytoplasm.
2. b) Vacuole.
3. c) Mitochondria.
4. d) Nucleus.

Answer: b.

Question 76. In chloroplasts, the stroma contains enzymes required for the synthesis of?

1. a) Carbohydrates and proteins.
2. b) Lipids and steroids.
3. c) Only proteins.
4. d) Only ATP.

Answer: a.

Question 77. Which organelle possesses single circular DNA, a few RNA molecules, and 70S ribosomes?

1. a) Nucleus.
2. b) Lysosome.
3. c) Mitochondrion.
4. d) Golgi complex.

Answer: c.

Question 78. In a 9+2 arrangement of axonemal microtubules, how many radial spokes are present?

2. a) 2.
3. b) 9.
4. c) 18.
5. d) 11.

Answer: b.

Question 79. What connects the central tubules in the axoneme of cilia and flagella?

1. a) Radial spoke.
2. b) Central sheath.
3. c) Linkers.
4. d) Bridges.

Answer: d.

Question 80. Identify the incorrect statement regarding the nucleolus.

1. a) It is a spherical structure found in the nucleoplasm.
2. b) It is a membrane-bound structure.
3. c) It is a site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis.
4. d) Larger and more numerous nucleoli are present in cells actively carrying out protein synthesis.

Answer: b.

Question 81. Chromatin contains DNA and some basic proteins known as?

1. a) Albumins.
2. b) Globulins.
3. c) Histones.
4. d) Non-histones exclusively.

Answer: c.

Question 82. Which of the following provides mechanical support, motility, and maintenance of the shape of the cell?

1. a) Glycocalyx.
2. b) Cytoskeleton.
3. c) Endoplasmic reticulum.
4. d) Golgi apparatus.

Answer: b.

Question 83. The term "Prokaryote" implies that the organism?

1. a) Has a primitive true nucleus.
2. b) Lacks a true, membrane-bound nucleus.
3. c) Consists of multiple nuclei.
4. d) Contains a well-developed endomembrane system.

Answer: b.

Question 84. Polysomes function to translate mRNA into?

1. a) Lipids.
2. b) Proteins.
3. c) Carbohydrates.
4. d) Nucleic acids.

Answer: b.

Question 85. The polar heads of lipids in a typical cell membrane are oriented towards?

1. a) The inner part of the membrane.
2. b) The outer environments, facing the aqueous environments.
3. c) The hydrophobic tails exclusively.
4. d) The integral proteins only.

Answer: b.

Question 86. Which type of membrane proteins can be easily extracted from the cell membrane?

1. a) Integral proteins.
2. b) Transmembrane proteins.
3. c) Peripheral proteins.
4. d) Carrier proteins.

Answer: c.

Question 87. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane. It is a form of?

1. a) Active transport.
2. b) Facilitated diffusion.
3. c) Passive transport.
4. d) Exocytosis.

Answer: c.

Question 88. Secondary cell wall is formed?

1. a) On the outer side of the primary wall.
2. b) On the inner side of the cell, towards the membrane.
3. c) By replacing the middle lamella.
4. d) Only in the dividing meristematic cells.

Answer: b.

Question 89. Which enzyme-rich organelle is responsible for digesting worn-out cellular organelles?

1. a) Peroxisome.
2. b) Lysosome.
3. c) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum.
4. d) Vacuole.

Answer: b.

Question 90. Amoeba engulfs its food particles by a process which involves the formation of a?

1. a) Contractile vacuole.
2. b) Food vacuole.
3. c) Mesosome.
4. d) Dictyosome.

Answer: b.

Question 91. The ATP synthase enzyme in mitochondria is located primarily on the?

1. a) Outer membrane.
2. b) Inner membrane (cristae).
3. c) Matrix.
4. d) Intermembrane space.

Answer: b.

Question 92. The space limited by the inner membrane of the chloroplast is known as the?

1. a) Matrix.
2. b) Stroma.
3. c) Lumen.
4. d) Grana.

Answer: b.

Question 93. Chlorophyll pigments are primarily located within the?

1. a) Stroma.
2. b) Inner chloroplast membrane.
3. c) Thylakoids.
4. d) Intermembrane space.

Answer: c.

Question 94. The eukaryotic 80S ribosome comprises which two subunits?

1. a) 50S and 30S.
2. b) 60S and 40S.
3. c) 70S and 10S.
4. d) 40S and 30S.

Answer: b.

Question 95. The basal body of cilia and flagella arises from which of the following cellular components?

1. a) Centrioles.
2. b) Kinetochores.
3. c) Centromeres.
4. d) Microfilaments.

Answer: a.

Question 96. Which scientist originally discovered the nucleus in 1831?

1. a) Robert Hooke.
2. b) Robert Brown.
3. c) Walther Flemming.
4. d) Rudolf Virchow.

Answer: b.

Question 97. Assertion: The endoplasmic reticulum divides the intracellular space into luminal and extraluminal compartments. Reason: The ER is a network of tiny tubular structures scattered in the cytoplasm.

1. a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
2. b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
3. c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
4. d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

Answer: b.

Question 98. Match the shape of chromosomes with their centromere position: (A) Metacentric (i) Terminal, (B) Sub-metacentric (ii) Middle, (C) Acrocentric (iii) Slightly away from middle, (D) Telocentric (iv) Close to end.

1. a) A-ii, B-iii, C-iv, D-i.
2. b) A-i, B-ii, C-iii, D-iv.
3. c) A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i.
4. d) A-iv, B-iii, C-ii, D-i.

Answer: a.

Question 99. Which pair of organelles does not contain DNA?

1. a) Mitochondria and Chloroplasts.
2. b) Chloroplasts and Nucleus.
3. c) Lysosomes and Vacuoles.
4. d) Nucleus and Mitochondria.

Answer: c.

Question 100. During the analysis of a cell, you observe an extensive network of rough endoplasmic reticulum. This indicates that the cell is highly active in?

1. a) Lipid metabolism.
2. b) Carbohydrate synthesis.
3. c) Protein synthesis and secretion.
4. d) Osmoregulation.

Answer: c.

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