NCERT NEET Biology English Medium Part-1 | Chapter 6 : Anatomy Of Flowering Plants

NCERT NEET Biology English Medium Part-1 | Chapter 6 : Anatomy Of Flowering Plants

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Question 1: Which of the following meristems is responsible for producing the primary tissues of the plant body?

1. a) Apical meristem only.
2. b) Intercalary meristem only.
3. c) Both apical and intercalary meristems.
4. d) Lateral meristem.

Answer: c.

Question 2: Which meristem occurs between mature tissues and is particularly abundant in grasses to regenerate parts removed by grazing herbivores?

1. a) Apical meristem.
2. b) Intercalary meristem.
3. c) Lateral meristem.
4. d) Secondary meristem.

Answer: b.

Question 3: The meristem that occurs in the mature regions of roots and shoots of many plants, particularly those that produce woody axis and appear later than primary meristem is called:

1. a) Primary meristem.
2. b) Secondary meristem.
3. c) Intercalary meristem.
4. d) Apical meristem.

Answer: b.

Question 4: Fascicular vascular cambium, interfascicular cambium, and cork-cambium are examples of:

1. a) Apical meristems.
2. b) Intercalary meristems.
3. c) Lateral meristems.
4. d) Primary meristems.

Answer: c.

Question 5: During the formation of leaves and elongation of stem, some cells 'left behind' from shoot apical meristem constitute the:

1. a) Axillary bud.
2. b) Lateral bud.
3. c) Apical bud.
4. d) Adventitious bud.

Answer: a.

Question 6: Which of the following simple tissues consists of cells that are generally isodiametric and have thin walls made of cellulose?

1. a) Collenchyma.
2. b) Sclerenchyma.
3. c) Parenchyma.
4. d) Xylem.

Answer: c.

Question 7: The tissue that provides mechanical support to the growing parts of the plant such as young stem and petiole of a leaf is:

1. a) Parenchyma.
2. b) Collenchyma.
3. c) Sclereids.
4. d) Sclerenchymatous fibres.

Answer: b.

Question 8: Collenchyma cells are much thickened at the corners due to the deposition of:

1. a) Cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin.
2. b) Lignin, suberin and cutin.
3. c) Cellulose, suberin and pectin.
4. d) Lignin, hemicellulose and pectin.

Answer: a.

Question 9: Which of the following tissues consists of long, narrow cells with thick and lignified cell walls having a few or numerous pits?

1. a) Parenchyma.
2. b) Collenchyma.
3. c) Sclerenchyma.
4. d) Chlorenchyma.

Answer: c.

Question 10: Sclereids are commonly found in the fruit walls of:

1. a) Mango and Apple.
2. b) Nuts, pulp of guava, pear and sapota.
3. c) Grapes and Oranges.
4. d) Tomato and Brinjal.

Answer: b.

Question 11: In gymnosperms, which of the following is lacking in their xylem tissue?

1. a) Tracheids.
2. b) Vessels.
3. c) Xylem parenchyma.
4. d) Xylem fibres.

Answer: b.

Question 12: The presence of which of the following is a characteristic feature of angiosperms?

1. a) Tracheids.
2. b) Vessels.
3. c) Xylem parenchyma.
4. d) Xylem fibres.

Answer: b.

Question 13: Xylem parenchyma cells are living and thin-walled, and their cell walls are made up of:

1. a) Lignin.
2. b) Suberin.
3. c) Cellulose.
4. d) Pectin.

Answer: c.

Question 14: In stems, the protoxylem lies towards the centre (pith) and the metaxylem lies towards the periphery. This type of primary xylem is called:

1. a) Exarch.
2. b) Endarch.
3. c) Mesarch.
4. d) Polyarch.

Answer: b.

Question 15: In roots, the protoxylem lies towards the periphery and metaxylem lies towards the centre. Such arrangement of primary xylem is called:

1. a) Endarch.
2. b) Exarch.
3. c) Mesarch.
4. d) Radial.

Answer: b.

Question 16: Gymnosperms have albuminous cells and sieve cells. They lack:

1. a) Sieve tubes and companions cells.
2. b) Phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres.
3. c) Sieve cells and phloem parenchyma.
4. d) Companion cells and phloem fibres.

Answer: a.

Question 17: The companion cells are specialized parenchymatous cells, which are closely associated with:

1. a) Sieve tube elements.
2. b) Phloem parenchyma.
3. c) Phloem fibres.
4. d) Xylem vessels.

Answer: a.

Question 18: Phloem fibres (bast fibres) are made up of which type of cells?

1. a) Parenchymatous cells.
2. b) Collenchymatous cells.
3. c) Sclerenchymatous cells.
4. d) Chlorenchymatous cells.

Answer: c.

Question 19: Phloem parenchyma is absent in most of the:

1. a) Dicotyledons.
2. b) Monocotyledons.
3. c) Gymnosperms.
4. d) Pteridophytes.

Answer: b.

Question 20: The first formed primary phloem consists of narrow sieve tubes and is referred to as:

1. a) Protophloem.
2. b) Metaphloem.
3. c) Primary phloem.
4. d) Secondary phloem.

Answer: a.

Question 21: The epidermal tissue system forms the outer-most covering of the whole plant body and comprises:

1. a) Epidermal cells, stomata, and epidermal appendages.
2. b) Epidermal cells, endodermis, and pericycle.
3. c) Epidermis, cortex, and vascular bundles.
4. d) Epidermis, hypodermis, and pith.

Answer: a.

Question 22: Which of the following is true regarding guard cells in grasses?

1. a) They are kidney-shaped.
2. b) They are bean-shaped.
3. c) They are dumb-bell shaped.
4. d) They are absent.

Answer: c.

Question 23: The stomatal aperture, guard cells and the surrounding subsidiary cells are together called:

1. a) Stomatal apparatus.
2. b) Epidermal tissue.
3. c) Guard complex.
4. d) Stomatal cavity.

Answer: a.

Question 24: The root hairs are unicellular elongations of the epidermal cells and help absorb water and minerals. The epidermal hairs on the stem are called:

1. a) Root hairs.
2. b) Trichomes.
3. c) Setae.
4. d) Prickles.

Answer: b.

Question 25: All tissues except epidermis and vascular bundles constitute the:

1. a) Ground tissue.
2. b) Epidermal tissue.
3. c) Vascular tissue.
4. d) Fundamental tissue system.

Answer: a.

Question 26: In leaves, the ground tissue consists of thin-walled chloroplast containing cells and is called:

1. a) Mesophyll.
2. b) Cortex.
3. c) Endodermis.
4. d) Pericycle.

Answer: a.

Question 27: When xylem and phloem within a vascular bundle are arranged in an alternate manner on different radii, the arrangement is called:

1. a) Conjoint.
2. b) Radial.
3. c) Collateral.
4. d) Bicollateral.

Answer: b.

Question 28: Radial vascular bundles are typically found in:

1. a) Dicot stems.
2. b) Monocot stems.
3. c) Roots.
4. d) Leaves.

Answer: c.

Question 29: In conjoint type of vascular bundles, the xylem and phloem are jointly situated along the same radius. Such vascular bundles are common in:

1. a) Roots only.
2. b) Stems and leaves.
3. c) Roots and stems.
4. d) Roots and leaves.

Answer: b.

Question 30: Vascular bundles in which cambium is present between phloem and xylem are called:

1. a) Closed vascular bundles.
2. b) Open vascular bundles.
3. c) Radial vascular bundles.
4. d) Concentric vascular bundles.

Answer: b.

Question 31: The innermost layer of the cortex in a dicot root is called:

1. a) Epidermis.
2. b) Hypodermis.
3. c) Endodermis.
4. d) Pericycle.

Answer: c.

Question 32: The tangential as well as radial walls of the endodermal cells in a dicot root have a deposition of water-impermeable, waxy material called suberin in the form of:

1. a) Starch sheath.
2. b) Bundle sheath.
3. c) Casparian strips.
4. d) Passage cells.

Answer: c.

Question 33: In a dicot root, initiation of lateral roots and vascular cambium during the secondary growth takes place in the cells of:

1. a) Endodermis.
2. b) Pericycle.
3. c) Pith.
4. d) Cortex.

Answer: b.

Question 34: The pith in a dicot root is generally:

1. a) Large and well-developed.
2. b) Small or inconspicuous.
3. c) Completely absent.
4. d) Highly lignified.

Answer: b.

Question 35: The parenchymatous cells which lie between the xylem and the phloem in a dicot root are called:

1. a) Casparian strips.
2. b) Conjunctive tissue.
3. c) Cambium ring.
4. d) Medullary rays.

Answer: b.

Question 36: How many xylem bundles are typically found in a dicot root?

1. a) Two to four.
2. b) Six to eight.
3. c) More than six (polyarch).
4. d) Only one.

Answer: a.

Question 37: A monocotyledonous root is different from a dicotyledonous root in having:

1. a) Fewer xylem bundles.
2. b) Polyarch xylem bundles.
3. c) Small and inconspicuous pith.
4. d) Well-developed secondary growth.

Answer: b.

Question 38: Which of the following tissues undergoes secondary growth?

1. a) Monocot root.
2. b) Dicot stem.
3. c) Monocot stem.
4. d) Monocot leaf.

Answer: b.

Question 39: In a dicot stem, the cells of the endodermis are rich in starch grains, and therefore the layer is also referred to as the:

1. a) Bundle sheath.
2. b) Starch sheath.
3. c) Casparian strip.
4. d) Hypodermis.

Answer: b.

Question 40: The hypodermis of a dicot stem consists of a few layers of:

1. a) Parenchymatous cells.
2. b) Collenchymatous cells.
3. c) Sclerenchymatous cells.
4. d) Chlorenchymatous cells.

Answer: b.

Question 41: In a dicot stem, the pericycle is present on the inner side of the endodermis and above the phloem in the form of semi-lunar patches of:

1. a) Collenchyma.
2. b) Parenchyma.
3. c) Sclerenchyma.
4. d) Chlorenchyma.

Answer: c.

Question 42: The vascular bundles in a dicot stem are arranged in a ring. This 'ring' arrangement is a characteristic feature of:

1. a) Dicot roots.
2. b) Monocot roots.
3. c) Dicot stems.
4. d) Monocot stems.

Answer: c.

Question 43: Each vascular bundle in a dicot stem is:

1. a) Conjoint, open, and with endarch protoxylem.
2. b) Conjoint, closed, and with exarch protoxylem.
3. c) Radial, open, and with endarch protoxylem.
4. d) Conjoint, open, and with exarch protoxylem.

Answer: a.

Question 44: The hypodermis in a monocot stem is made up of:

1. a) Collenchyma.
2. b) Sclerenchyma.
3. c) Parenchyma.
4. d) Chlorenchyma.

Answer: b.

Question 45: In a monocot stem, the vascular bundles are:

1. a) Conjoint and open.
2. b) Conjoint and closed.
3. c) Radial and closed.
4. d) Radial and open.

Answer: b.

Question 46: Which of the following statements is true for vascular bundles of a monocot stem?

1. a) Peripheral vascular bundles are generally larger than centrally located ones.
2. b) Peripheral vascular bundles are generally smaller than centrally located ones.
3. c) All vascular bundles are of the same size.
4. d) Vascular bundles are arranged in a distinct ring.

Answer: b.

Question 47: Water-containing cavities are present within the vascular bundles of:

1. a) Dicot roots.
2. b) Dicot stems.
3. c) Monocot roots.
4. d) Monocot stems.

Answer: d.

Question 48: The vertical section of a dorsiventral leaf through the lamina shows three main parts: epidermis, mesophyll, and:

1. a) Cortex.
2. b) Endodermis.
3. c) Vascular system.
4. d) Pericycle.

Answer: c.

Question 49: In a dicotyledonous (dorsiventral) leaf, the abaxial epidermis generally bears:

1. a) Fewer stomata than the adaxial epidermis.
2. b) More stomata than the adaxial epidermis.
3. c) Equal number of stomata as the adaxial epidermis.
4. d) No stomata at all.

Answer: b.

Question 50: The mesophyll in a dorsiventral leaf is differentiated into:

1. a) Palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma.
2. b) Upper epidermis and lower epidermis.
3. c) Bundle sheath and ground tissue.
4. d) Xylem and phloem.

Answer: a.

Question 51: The palisade parenchyma in a dicot leaf is made up of:

1. a) Oval or round, loosely arranged cells.
2. b) Elongated cells arranged vertically and parallel to each other.
3. c) Sclerenchymatous fibres.
4. d) Collenchymatous cells.

Answer: b.

Question 52: In an isobilateral (monocotyledonous) leaf, the stomata are present on:

1. a) Adaxial epidermis only.
2. b) Abaxial epidermis only.
3. c) Both the surfaces of the epidermis.
4. d) Margins of the leaf only.

Answer: c.

Question 53: In grasses, certain adaxial epidermal cells along the veins modify themselves into large, empty, colourless cells called:

1. a) Subsidiary cells.
2. b) Guard cells.
3. c) Bulliform cells.
4. d) Lenticels.

Answer: c.

Question 54: When bulliform cells in the leaves have absorbed water and are turgid, the leaf surface is exposed. When they are flaccid due to water stress, they make the leaves:

1. a) Uncurl to absorb more water.
2. b) Curl inwards to minimize water loss.
3. c) Turn yellow due to loss of chlorophyll.
4. d) Detach from the stem.

Answer: b.

Question 55: The parallel venation in monocot leaves is reflected in the near similar sizes of:

1. a) Vascular bundles (except in main veins).
2. b) Mesophyll cells.
3. c) Bulliform cells.
4. d) Epidermal cells.

Answer: a.

Question 56: The growth of the roots and stems in length with the help of apical meristem is called:

1. a) Secondary growth.
2. b) Primary growth.
3. c) Lateral growth.
4. d) Intercalary growth.

Answer: b.

Question 57: The tissues involved in secondary growth are the two lateral meristems: vascular cambium and:

1. a) Apical cambium.
2. b) Intercalary cambium.
3. c) Cork cambium.
4. d) Primary cambium.

Answer: c.

Question 58: In dicot stems, the cells of cambium present between primary xylem and primary phloem is the:

1. a) Interfascicular cambium.
2. b) Intrafascicular cambium.
3. c) Cork cambium.
4. d) Phellogen.

Answer: b.

Question 59: The cells of medullary rays, adjoining these intrafascicular cambium become meristematic and form the:

1. a) Interfascicular cambium.
2. b) Phelloderm.
3. c) Cork cambium.
4. d) Phellem.

Answer: a.

Question 60: The cambial ring becomes active and begins to cut off new cells, both towards the inner and the outer sides. The cells cut off towards pith mature into:

1. a) Secondary phloem.
2. b) Primary xylem.
3. c) Secondary xylem.
4. d) Primary phloem.

Answer: c.

Question 61: The cambium is generally more active on the inner side than on the outer. As a result, the amount of secondary xylem produced is:

1. a) Less than secondary phloem.
2. b) Equal to secondary phloem.
3. c) More than secondary phloem.
4. d) Negligible.

Answer: c.

Question 62: The primary and secondary phloems get gradually crushed due to the continued formation and accumulation of:

1. a) Primary xylem.
2. b) Secondary xylem.
3. c) Cork.
4. d) Pith.

Answer: b.

Question 63: At some places, the cambium forms a narrow band of parenchyma, which passes through the secondary xylem and the secondary phloem in the radial directions. These are the:

1. a) Medullary rays.
2. b) Secondary medullary rays.
3. c) Primary medullary rays.
4. d) Casparian strips.

Answer: b.

Question 64: In temperate regions, the wood formed during the spring season is called:

1. a) Autumn wood.
2. b) Late wood.
3. c) Spring wood or early wood.
4. d) Heartwood.

Answer: c.

Question 65: Spring wood is lighter in colour and has a:

1. a) Higher density.
2. b) Lower density.
3. c) High deposition of tannins.
4. d) Narrow vessels.

Answer: b.

Question 66: The autumn wood is darker and has a:

1. a) Lower density.
2. b) Higher density.
3. c) Wide vessels.
4. d) Larger number of xylary elements.

Answer: b.

Question 67: The two kinds of woods that appear as alternate concentric rings constitute an annual ring. Annual rings seen in a cut stem give an estimate of the:

1. a) Height of the tree.
2. b) Girth of the tree.
3. c) Age of the tree.
4. d) Number of leaves on the tree.

Answer: c.

Question 68: In old trees, the greater part of secondary xylem is dark brown due to deposition of organic compounds like tannins, resins, oils, gums, aromatic substances and essential oils in the:

1. a) Outer layers of stem.
2. b) Central or innermost layers of the stem.
3. c) Peripheral layers of secondary xylem.
4. d) Secondary phloem.

Answer: b.

Question 69: The hard, durable, dark brown region of secondary xylem that is highly resistant to attacks of microorganisms and insects is called:

1. a) Sapwood.
2. b) Heartwood.
3. c) Late wood.
4. d) Early wood.

Answer: b.

Question 70: Does heartwood conduct water?

1. a) Yes, it is the primary conductor of water.
2. b) No, it does not conduct water; it gives mechanical support.
3. c) Yes, but only during the spring season.
4. d) Yes, it conducts both water and food.

Answer: b.

Question 71: The peripheral region of the secondary xylem, which is lighter in colour and is involved in the conduction of water and minerals from root to leaf, is known as:

1. a) Heartwood.
2. b) Sapwood.
3. c) Autumn wood.
4. d) Spring wood.

Answer: b.

Question 72: As the stem continues to increase in girth due to the activity of vascular cambium, the outer cortical and epidermis layers get broken and need to be replaced. This leads to the formation of another meristematic tissue called:

1. a) Intrafascicular cambium.
2. b) Interfascicular cambium.
3. c) Cork cambium or phellogen.
4. d) Apical meristem.

Answer: c.

Question 73: Phellogen is a couple of layers thick. It is made of:

1. a) Broad, thick-walled and rectangular cells.
2. b) Narrow, thin-walled and nearly rectangular cells.
3. c) Circular, thick-walled and dead cells.
4. d) Irregular, living, and large cells.

Answer: b.

Question 74: The phellogen cuts off cells on both sides. The outer cells differentiate into:

1. a) Phelloderm or secondary cortex.
2. b) Cork or phellem.
3. c) Secondary xylem.
4. d) Secondary phloem.

Answer: b.

Question 75: The inner cells cut off by phellogen differentiate into:

1. a) Secondary cortex or phelloderm.
2. b) Cork or phellem.
3. c) Vascular cambium.
4. d) Primary cortex.

Answer: a.

Question 76: Cork is impervious to water due to the deposition of which material in the cell wall?

1. a) Lignin.
2. b) Pectin.
3. c) Suberin.
4. d) Cellulose.

Answer: c.

Question 77: Phellogen, phellem, and phelloderm are collectively known as:

1. a) Pericycle.
2. b) Periderm.
3. c) Epidermis.
4. d) Endodermis.

Answer: b.

Question 78: Bark is a non-technical term that refers to all tissues exterior to the:

1. a) Cork cambium.
2. b) Vascular cambium.
3. c) Epidermis.
4. d) Endodermis.

Answer: b.

Question 79: Bark includes which of the following tissues?

1. a) Secondary xylem and pith.
2. b) Secondary phloem and periderm.
3. c) Primary xylem and secondary xylem.
4. d) Only cork and phellogen.

Answer: b.

Question 80: Bark that is formed early in the season is called:

1. a) Hard bark.
2. b) Late bark.
3. c) Early or soft bark.
4. d) Rough bark.

Answer: c.

Question 81: At certain regions, the phellogen cuts off closely arranged parenchymatous cells on the outer side instead of cork cells. These parenchymatous cells soon rupture the epidermis, forming lens-shaped openings called:

1. a) Stomata.
2. b) Hydathodes.
3. c) Lenticels.
4. d) Bulliform cells.

Answer: c.

Question 82: Lenticels permit the exchange of gases between the outer atmosphere and the internal tissue of the stem. They occur in most:

1. a) Herbaceous plants.
2. b) Monocot roots.
3. c) Woody trees.
4. d) Aquatic plants.

Answer: c.

 

Question 83: In a dicot root, the vascular cambium is completely:

1. a) Primary in origin.
2. b) Secondary in origin.
3. c) Apical in origin.
4. d) Intercalary in origin.

Answer: b.

 

Question 84: In dicot roots, the vascular cambium originates from the tissue located just below the phloem bundles, a portion of pericycle tissue, above the:

1. a) Protoxylem.
2. b) Metaxylem.
3. c) Endodermis.
4. d) Pith.

Answer: a.

Question 85: Which of the following statements about secondary growth is correct?

1. a) It occurs in all angiosperms.
2. b) It does not occur in monocotyledons.
3. c) It occurs only in roots of dicots.
4. d) It occurs only in leaves of dicots.

Answer: b.

Question 86: Identify the mismatch regarding tissue and its function:

1. a) Parenchyma - Photosynthesis, storage, secretion.
2. b) Collenchyma - Mechanical support to growing parts.
3. c) Sclerenchyma - Mechanical support to mature plant organs.
4. d) Tracheids - Food translocation.

Answer: d.

Question 87: In a typical dicot leaf, the bundle sheath cells surrounding the vascular bundles are generally:

1. a) Thick-walled.
2. b) Thin-walled.
3. c) Lignified.
4. d) Suberized.

Answer: a.

Question 88: Sieve tube elements are long, tube-like structures arranged longitudinally. Their end walls are perforated in a sieve-like manner to form the:

1. a) Sieve pores.
2. b) Sieve plates.
3. c) Companion cells.
4. d) Phloem fibres.

Answer: b.

Question 89: A mature sieve element possesses a peripheral cytoplasm and a large vacuole but lacks a:

1. a) Cell wall.
2. b) Nucleus.
3. c) Plasma membrane.
4. d) Cytoskeleton.

Answer: b.

Question 90: The functions of sieve tubes are controlled by the nucleus of the:

1. a) Phloem parenchyma.
2. b) Companion cells.
3. c) Phloem fibres.
4. d) Xylem vessels.

Answer: b.

Question 91: The companion cells help in maintaining the pressure gradient in the:

1. a) Tracheids.
2. b) Xylem vessels.
3. c) Sieve tubes.
4. d) Guard cells.

Answer: c.

Question 92: Bast fibres are generally absent in the primary phloem but are found in the:

1. a) Secondary phloem.
2. b) Primary xylem.
3. c) Secondary xylem.
4. d) Cortex.

Answer: a.

Question 93: Phloem fibres of which of the following plants are commercially used?

1. a) Jute, flax and hemp.
2. b) Cotton, coir and hemp.
3. c) Jute, coir and cotton.
4. d) Flax, cotton and silk.

Answer: a.

Question 94: Trichomes in the shoot system are usually:

1. a) Unicellular.
2. b) Multicellular.
3. c) Acellular.
4. d) Dead cells.

Answer: b.

Question 95: Trichomes help in preventing water loss due to:

1. a) Guttation.
2. b) Transpiration.
3. c) Respiration.
4. d) Photosynthesis.

Answer: b.

Question 96: In roots, the pericycle is composed of thick-walled parenchymatous cells. In dicot roots, the initiation of lateral roots occurs in the:

1. a) Epidermis.
2. b) Cortex.
3. c) Endodermis.
4. d) Pericycle.

Answer: d.

Question 97: The bundle sheath extensions in a dicot leaf are usually:

1. a) Parenchymatous.
2. b) Collenchymatous.
3. c) Sclerenchymatous.
4. d) Chlorenchymatous.

Answer: b.

Question 98: Bulliform cells are found in the epidermis of:

1. a) Dicot leaves.
2. b) Monocot leaves.
3. c) Dicot stems.
4. d) Monocot roots.

Answer: b.

Question 99: Heartwood and sapwood are distinguishing zones of:

1. a) Primary xylem.
2. b) Secondary xylem.
3. c) Phloem.
4. d) Periderm.

Answer: b.

Question 100: Lenticels are largely formed by the activity of:

1. a) Apical meristem.
2. b) Vascular cambium.
3. c) Phellogen.
4. d) Intercalary meristem.

Answer: c.

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